Water Requirements of Safflower Entries in Middle Egypt

Two promising selected land races of safflower ( Carthamns tinctorious L.) designated as line 11 and line 13, together with the local variety Giza 1 , were examined under three levels of moisture depletions, i.e. 40, 60 and 80 % ASMD at Fayoum, Middle Egypt during 1986/87 and 1987/88 seasons. In both growing seasons, the second irrigation treatment i.e. 60 % ASMD gave the highest means for growth characters as well as seed yield and most of its components. Seed oil content per cent exhibited an increased as soil moisture depletion increased with no significant difference between entries. Safflower entries showed clear differences in some yield components which compensate each other and resulted in no significant difference in seed yield per hectar.
Consumptive use of water by safflower plants increased as the available soil moisture around the root zone increased. No significant differences were found in water consumed by safflower entries used in all experiments.
In the two experimental seasons, the best water use efficiency (WUE) for seed production was obtained also from the second treatment (60 % ASMD). The line 11 gave the best WUE.     

NDV和IBV感染对肉鸡大肠杆菌病发病的影响

为了解新城疫弱毒苗和传染性支气管炎弱毒苗接种对肉鸡大肠杆菌病发病的影响。对8日龄肉仔鸡用不同剂量NDVclone-30株或IBV-H120株进行滴鼻及饮水,48h后相同途径接种2株不同“O”血清型的致病性大肠杆菌。结果表明,致病性大肠杆菌单独接种鸡死亡率在20%-25%之间,而NDVclone-30株或IBVH120株与致病性大肠杆菌联合接种鸡死亡率有明显增加达40%-75%。     

0.13%百瓒防蛀气雾剂毒理学研究

对0.13%百瓒防蛀气雾剂及其主要有效成分辛硫磷进行了毒理学研究。结果表明:急性吸入毒性(LC50):雌、雄小鼠均大于2150mg/m3;急性经口毒性(LD50):小鼠为9 210mg/kg;皮肤刺激实验:无刺激作用;皮肤变态反应:致敏率为“0”;眼刺激试验:无刺激性;辛硫磷原药(85%)对大鼠28d亚急性吸入毒性:对雄、雌性大鼠无作用浓度(NOAEL)均为10mg/m3。     

葛根素提取工艺及其表征的研究

通过对野葛根中葛根素的分离提纯研究,发现溶剂的浓度对葛根素的收率及酸解过程中盐酸浓度对葛根素晶体纯度的影响均非常明显。为此,对这两个因素做进一步研究,结果表明：45%乙醇抽提时收率达2%;5%盐酸酸解时纯度达95.8%。并对提取物结构进行了1H NMR1、3C NMR、MS、IR表征。为进一步研究葛根素的应用奠定了基础。     

0.3%氯化血红素可湿性粉剂对马铃薯生长与品质的调节效果

摘要：为了明确0.3%氯化血红素可湿性粉剂对马铃薯生长的调节效果，确定最佳用量，以克新6号马铃薯为材料，以8%甲哌鎓可湿性粉剂和清水分别作为药剂和空白对照，采取随机区组排列开展田间应用试验，分析不同用量0.3%氯化血红素可湿性粉剂配施专用助剂（SD）对马铃薯生长、产量及品质的影响。结果表明：处理1—处理5（667 m2分别施用0.3%氯化血红素可湿性粉剂10、20、30、40、0 g，并配施SD 20 g）平均株高、全叶鲜质量、茎粗和小区平均产量均较空白对照有所增加，且均以处理4（667 m2施用0.3%氯化血红素可湿性粉剂40 g＋SD 20 g）最大，处理3（667 m2施用0.3%氯化血红素可湿性粉剂30 g＋SD 20 g）次之，2者小区平均产量较空白对照分别极显著增加13.80%、10.73%，但与药剂对照差异均不显 著；处理1—处理5马铃薯块茎干物质量、淀粉含量、还原糖含量和VC含量等也均较空白对照有所增加，其中以处理4最高，处理3次之，2者均显著高于空白对照。安全性评价表明，各处理对马铃薯均是安全的。在马铃薯生产上，推荐每667 m2使用0.3%氯化血红素可湿性粉剂30～40 g＋SD 20 g。     

Nitrate leaching in a silage maize field under different irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer rates

Quantification of the interactive effects of nitrogen (N) and water on nitrate (NO₃) loss provides an important insight for more effective N and water management. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of different irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer levels on nitrate-nitrogen (NO₃-N) leaching in a silage maize field. The experiment included four irrigation levels (0.7, 0.85, 1.0, and 1.13 of soil moisture depletion, SMD) and three N fertilization levels (0, 142, and 189 kg N ha⁻¹), with three replications. Ceramic suction cups were used to extract soil solution at 30 and 60 cm soil depths for all 36 experimental plots. Soil NO₃-N content of 0-30 and 30-60-cm layers were evaluated at planting and harvest maturity. Total N uptake (NU) by the crop was also determined. Maximum NO₃-N leaching out of the 60-cm soil layer was 8.43 kg N ha⁻¹, for the 142 kg N ha⁻¹ and over irrigation (1.13 SMD) treatment. The minimum and maximum seasonal average NO₃ concentration at the 60 cm depth was 46 and 138 mg l⁻¹, respectively. Based on our findings, it is possible to control NO₃ leaching out of the root zone during the growing season with a proper combination of irrigation and fertilizer management.     

2.5%保得乳油对小麦蚜虫控制作用的研究

对不同剂量的2.5%保得乳油防治麦蚜的效果进行了评价。结果表明,2.5%保得乳油施用有效成分为7.50、6.25g/hm2时,其防效均极显著优于对照药剂处理的防效,持效期达7d以上,对小麦生长安全无害。     

我国山苍子资源利用现状和产业化前景评述

综述了我国富产山苍子资源的利用现状和深度研究开发利用的价值及前景，同时介绍了目前这一领域半合成鸢尾酮系列香料的研究进展，探讨了综合利用山苍子油产业化的趋势和意义。     

高CO2和纯N2冲击处理对板栗货架期品质变化的影响

以‘燕昌’板栗为试材,研究了经180d冷藏的板栗出库前分别用50％CO2和纯N2冲击处理对板栗货架期品质的影响。结果表明：50％CO2和纯N2处理对板栗货架期内糖代谢有显著影响,对蛋白质代谢影响不大。50％CO2处理5d以及纯N2处理5d和10d有利于板栗淀粉的保存。50％CO2处理可明显降低板栗的发芽率和腐烂率,货架期结束时,冲击处理5d和10d的板栗发芽率分别为2．07％和3．65％,显著低于对照(18．06％),腐烂率均为2．67％,显著低于对照(5．33％),而纯N2处理则显著促进板栗发芽,且不能有效控制腐烂的发生。研究证明：50％CO2冲击处理5d既能使板栗保持较好的货架期品质,又能显著抑制发芽及腐烂。     

水曲柳幼林适生立地条件研究

在帽儿山地区对不同立地条件下水曲柳人工幼林生长指标进行标准地调查,并运用数量化方法研究了影响水曲柳人工林生长的立地因子。结果表明：影响水曲柳人工林生长的主要立地因子依次为坡位,土壤A层厚,坡向和坡度,其中坡位为主导因子。水曲柳人工林在中上坡位生长最好,在下坡位生长差。根据立地因子划分了34个立地类型。此外对不同立地类型的养分状况进行了分析,发现养分并不是限制水曲柳生长的主要因子。